From the Alps to Sicily, Italy’s parliamentary republic reflects a nation of regionalism and political flux, grappling with economic stagnation, immigration debates, and the rise of populist movements.

A constitutional monarchy with a consensus-driven parliament, the Netherlands balances progressive policies, immigration debates, and the challenges of climate change in a fragmented political landscape.

A republic reborn from struggle, Ireland thrives on its vibrant democracy, balancing progressive social policies, EU leadership, and the enduring legacy of the Good Friday Agreement.

From the cradle of democracy to a nation forged in crisis, Greece’s parliamentary republic reflects resilience amid economic hardship, regional tensions, and the rise of populist movements.

A constitutional monarchy with a vibrant parliamentary system, Spain balances regional autonomy, progressive reforms, and the challenges of political polarization and economic inequality.

Nestled in the heart of Europe, Austria’s federal parliamentary republic blends Alpine charm with political stability, navigating immigration debates, climate goals, and its unique role in the EU.